Design and Implementation of a Noninvasive Anemia Detection System Using Optical Approach

Abstract

The concentration of hemoglobin in the blood is an important physical condition parameter and a low level of hemoglobin in the blood is called anemia, as the World Health Organization has determined the level of normal hemoglobin concentration for people on the basis of age, sex and pregnancy status. One of the most common causes of anemia is nutritional deficiencies, especially iron deficiency, although deficiencies of folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin A are also important causes. Anemia may cause several diseases, including infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV and infection parasitic. Our goal in this project is to design a device to detect the presence of anemia in a non-surgical way, as this disease has become widely spread throughout the world and the World Health Organization has revealed that there are more than 1.6 billion people suffering from anemia, and that 42% of children under 5 years of age and 40% of pregnant women worldwide suffer from anemia. This device aims to reduce infections that can spread due to the use of needles and also reduce pain, and may be needed for patients in emergency rooms, intensive care units and postoperative follow-up, in addition to the person's ability to use this device at home and without the need to specialists or doctors, which in turn makes it easy and inexpensive to follow up on the condition of the affected person on a continuous basis. The design of this device requires a source to produce light with wavelengths of 940 nanometers (infrared), 650 nanometers (red), which are harmless to humans. On the opposite side of the source is the detector, which picks up the waves that pass through the finger. Then the captured waves are processed and the results are displayed on the screen.