Application of Orem's Self-Care Nursing Theory for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Study Design

Abstract

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder that is highly frequent in children. This leads to serious health challenges for children of different severity levels. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory helps parents get involved in their child's care, leading to better outcomes and healthcare experiences. So, this case study examines the effectiveness of applying Orem's self-care nursing philosophy to a child with SMA and his parents. Methods: This study used Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory to treat particular self-care deficiencies relating to mobility, eating, swallowing, and respiratory function in a 3-year-old child with SMA Type I. The researcher recognized patient’s lack of self-care and created a tailored plan for self-management training. Understanding the needs of the patient, organizing the implementation, and creating the educational system were the initial steps. The final phase entailed putting the self-care program into action and assessing its success. Two methods were used to gather data: structured interviews and surveys on Orem and self-care ability. A 60-minute educational intervention was broken up into four in-person sessions. Results: This study illustrates the useful application of theories in illness management. This theory was used to identify deficiencies in movement, feeding, swallowing, and respiratory function. Nursing interventions focused on neuromuscular deficits, while educational interventions enhanced parents' awareness. Conclusions: This case study investigates the usefulness of Orem's theory in controlling SMA, empowering parents, emphasizing patient-centered care, and the possible advantages of nursing theories in treating chronic diseases.