Between Challenge and Opportunity: Analysing Sustaining Bethlehem’s Old Town from an Urban Conservation Perspective

Abstract

Bethlehem’s Old Town is one of the most prominent historical urban models in Palestine, representing a unique interplay of religious, cultural, and architectural values. This study aims to assess the reality of the urban fabric of the Old Town from a sustainability perspective, through strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. This allows the development of a practical vision for preserving its heritage and environmental values. The results showed that traditional architectural features, such as thick stone walls, internal courtyards (Hosh), and narrow roads, represent strengths that support sustainability. In addition, haphazard changes using modern materials and the relative absence of effective legislation make up the most significant weaknesses. Significant opportunities for preservation are also highlighted by the high percentage of buildings that preserve their traditional characteristics. While threats such as uncontrolled expansion, a lack of community awareness, and political pressures also exist. The study recommends developing a comprehensive urban conservation plan, engaging the local community, enforcing legislation, and utilising sustainable restoration techniques.