Challenges of Electric Vehicle Adoption in Palestine: Barriers and Pathways for Market Penetration

Abstract

This study investigates the multifaceted dynamics shaping electric vehicle adoption in Palestine by examining infrastructural, economic, technological, and regulatory factors. A mixed-methods approach combines analysis of quantitative data from the Ministries of Transportation and Energy with qualitative insights from government officials, industry practitioners, and academic experts. Results demonstrate a 27 fold increase in EV registrations between 2020 and 2024 alongside significant gaps: only 50 public fast-charging stations serve over 1,500 EVs, creating an EV-to-charger ratio of 31.02, well above international norms. Financial analysis reveals that preferential import duties lower upfront EV costs, but customs and VAT rates still constrain market growth. The regulatory framework provides clarity but introduces administrative delays that slow infrastructure deployment. Skills shortages in EV maintenance, energy import dependencies under occupation, and grid reliability issues further hinder progress. Opportunities include reduced fuel expenses, solar-powered charging, job creation, and improved air quality. To address these challenges, we propose phased incentives for EVs and hybrids, time-based charging rebates, institutional charging partnerships, financial support for green enterprises and public parking operators, coordinated education campaigns, vocational training programs, and international cooperation. Implementing these strategies can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance economic diversification, and strengthen energy resilience, positioning Palestine as a model for sustainable transportation in complex geopolitical settings.