Static Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in Electric Vehicle Case Study: Lithium-Ion Battery

Abstract

his study presents a comprehensive static analysis of energy storage systems (ESS), with a primary focus on their applications in electric vehicles (EVs). The investigation encompasses importance of ESS in tackling the problems caused by varying power requirements and the incorporation of renewable energy sources are addressed in [5]. the operational principles, performance characteristics, and application domains of various ESS technologies, including mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, and electrochemical systems. Particular emphasis is placed on battery technologies, offering a detailed comparative assessment between lithium-ion chemistries and alternative storage solutions such as solid-state, sodium-ion, nickel–metal hydride, and lead–acid batteries. The evaluation is conducted based on critical performance indicators, including energy and power density, round-trip efficiency, cycle life, and operational temperature range. The findings reveal that lithium-ion batteries remain the predominant choice for EV integration owing to their superior energy density, high efficiency, and long service life, despite inherent challenges related to cost and thermal sensitivity. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as solid-state and sodium-ion batteries exhibit significant potential in addressing these limitations, underscoring the need for continuous research and technological advancements in sustainable energy storage for transportation systems