Abstract:
The advancement of digital technology has increased the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in our daily life. However,
locating sensor nodes is a challenging task in WSNs. Sensing data without an accurate location is worthless, especially in critical
applications.The pioneering technique in range-free localization schemes is a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method, which utilizes
network connectivity to estimate sensor location without additional hardware. This study presents a comprehensive survey of stateof-the-art SMC localization schemes. We present the schemes as a thematic taxonomy of localization operation in SMC. Moreover,
the critical characteristics of each existing scheme are analyzed to identify its advantages and disadvantages. The similarities and
differences of each scheme are investigated on the basis of significant parameters, namely, localization accuracy, computational
cost, communication cost, and number of samples. We discuss the challenges and direction of the future research work for each
parameter.
