Design and Implementation of Portable Noninvasive Diabetic Ketoacidosis Detector

Abstract

The idea of this project is to design a device that has the ability to deal with a special case of diabetes "type one" which called Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) bout, which happens when the glucose level in the patient’s body increased suddenly. When the patient have an insulin deficiency and the glucose level in his body increased suddenly, the amount of glucose in his blood will increased to abnormal range and at the same time the amount of glucose inside of the cell will decreased, so the body attempt to produce energy by broken the fatty acids and the proteins. According to that process the broken of fatty acids will release a small parts of keton bodies. The huge amount of keton bodies will produce some physiological abnormalities such as increasing in blood Ph, spell, increasing in respiratory, heart rate and exit acetone ketones via patient exhalation. Several studies demonstrate that patients with DKA have complex metabolic abnormalities and manifest, like high acetone concentration, low carbon dioxide concentration in exhaled breath, increase in heartbeat and respiratory rate. By monitoring these physiological parameters DKA bout can be early detected. When the patient fells the previous symptoms, he will use the device to make sure of his health status, where it will measure the concentration of CO , the respiratory and the heart rate, after that it will display the readings on LCD screen and then will compare them with reference values in the arduino, and if the readings are abnormal the device will active a buzzer with a red light to be signs of emergency case (DKA). The device has voice commands that give the necessary instructions to the patient during the diagnostic, also, mentions the final diagnostic result. 2